Konverter Notasi Ilmiah

What does this tool do

The Scientific Notation Converter converts between decimal notation and scientific (e-) notation. Enter a number in either format; the tool displays the equivalent in the other. Supports multiple output formats: E-notation (1.23e+6), engineering notation (123×10³), ×10ⁿ with superscript, and ×10^n with caret. Accepts all these formats as input when converting to decimal. Handles very large numbers (e.g. 1e+21) and very small numbers (e.g. 1.23e-15). Useful for scientists, engineers, programmers, and students working with numeric data in different representations.

How to use it

1. Select mode — Choose "Decimal → Scientific" to convert from decimal to exponential notation, or "Scientific → Decimal" for the reverse.
2. Select output format (Decimal → Scientific only) — Choose E-notation, Engineering, ×10ⁿ (superscript), or ×10^n (caret). The format dropdown appears only in this mode.
3. Enter input — Type a number. When converting to decimal, you can use any supported format: 1.23e+6, 1.23×10⁶, 1.23×10^6, or 123×10³.
4. View output — The converted value appears instantly. Copy with one click.
5. Sample or clear — Use Load sample to try an example, or Clear to reset.

Output formats

When converting Decimal → Scientific, you can choose how the result is displayed:

• E-notation (1.23e+6) — Standard programming and calculator format. Compact and widely supported.
• Engineering (123×10³) — Exponent is always a multiple of 3, aligning with metric prefixes (kilo, mega, micro, nano). Mantissa between 1 and 1000.
• ×10ⁿ (superscript) — Human-readable with Unicode superscript digits (e.g. 1.23×10⁶). Ideal for papers and presentations. Copy/paste of superscripts may vary by OS and application.
• ×10^n (caret) — ASCII-friendly LaTeX-style notation (e.g. 1.23×10^6). Works everywhere.

How it works

Decimal to scientific: The input is normalized (alternative formats like ×10⁶ are converted to e-notation internally), parsed with parseFloat(), and validated. Output is formatted according to the selected format. Scientific to decimal: The input is normalized to handle ×10ⁿ, ×10^n, and engineering forms. For very small numbers (|n| < 1e-6), the tool uses toFixed(20) and trims trailing zeros. For very large numbers (|n| ≥ 1e21), JavaScript displays e-notation in the output. Infinity and NaN are rejected.

All computation runs entirely in your browser. No data is sent to any server.

Use cases & examples

• Science & engineering — Work with Avogadro's number, Planck's constant, or other physical constants. Use engineering notation for values with metric prefixes.
• Programming — Convert between user-friendly decimals and machine-readable e-notation for APIs or configs.
• Education — Teach or learn scientific notation, engineering notation, and significant figures.
• Data analysis — Normalize numeric strings from spreadsheets or CSV files.
• Publishing — Generate ×10ⁿ superscript form for papers and slides.

Examples

Decimal → Scientific (E-notation):

• 1230000 → 1.230000e+6
• 0.000123 → 1.230000e-4

Decimal → Scientific (Engineering):

• 1230000 → 1.23×10⁶
• 12300 → 12.3×10³
• 0.000123 → 123×10⁻⁶

Scientific → Decimal (any input format accepted):

• 1.23e-4 → 0.000123
• 1.23×10⁶ → 1230000
• 1.23×10^6 → 1230000
• 123×10³ → 123000
• -4.56e-6 → -0.00000456

Limitations & known constraints

• Number precision — JavaScript's Number type has about 15–17 significant digits. Very long decimal strings may lose precision.
• Input length — Maximum 500 characters to avoid performance issues.
• Infinity & NaN — Not supported; the tool rejects non-finite values.
• Very large numbers — Values with |n| ≥ 1e21 are displayed in e-notation even in "Scientific → Decimal" mode, since full decimal expansion would be unwieldy.
• Superscript display — Unicode superscript characters (⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁻⁺) may render or copy differently across operating systems and applications.